Above the dazzling lights of the Sphere in Las Vegas, new technology is doing more than immersing thousands of fans in “The Wizard of Oz.” It’s also keeping an eye on the skies for something far stranger than flying monkeys. The Galileo Observatory, designed by Harvard astrophysicist Avi Loeb, sits atop the Sphere to track aerial objects that defy normal explanation. Loeb, the Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard’s Center for Astrophysics, says the system is built to study Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena, what most people still call UFOs.

The observatory relies on ultra-high resolution optical and infrared cameras, feeding data into AI systems that remove human bias and speed up analysis. By triangulating information with two other observatories placed about 10 kilometers away in undisclosed Las Vegas locations, the system can measure an object’s velocity, acceleration, and distance from Earth. Loeb said the project received the green light in September 2024 when Sphere Entertainment chief executive officer James Dolan visited his home in Boston to approve the installation above the Exosphere’s LED display. By a happy coincidence, the observatory went live at the same time “The Wizard of Oz”” started its screenings in late August, letting the city’s visitors enjoy a story of other worlds while scientists literally scanned for them above.

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